Eosinophilic Changes in Peripheral Blood during Pregnancy in HIV-Positive Mothers

Eosinophils are critical components of the immune system, involved in allergic reactions, defense against parasitic infections, and modulation of immune responses. During pregnancy, the immune system undergoes significant adaptations, leading to changes in eosinophil dynamics that are essential for maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance. In HIV-positive mothers, these alterations may be further influenced by the immune dysregulation associated with HIV infection, resulting in complex eosinophilic changes in peripheral blood. This review explores the impact of pregnancy and HIV on eosinophil levels, examining how these changes can affect maternal and fetal health. Altered eosinophil dynamics during pregnancy in HIV-positive women have important implications for pregnancy outcomes. Eosinophils play a role in tissue remodeling and the immune response at the maternal-fetal interface, which is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Dysregulation of eosinophil function may lead to increased risks of complications such as gestational hypertension, preterm labor, and vertical transmission of HIV.