Analysis of the physiological parameters of some peanut varieties to find out the difference between them is one of the methods contributing to the prequalification of high-yielding varieties with good quality and good tolerance to harsh conditions and environmental disadvantages. This paper presents research results on some physiological parameters of high-yielding and low-yielding peanut varieties planted in Thanhhoa province, Vietnam. Experimental results have grouped peanut varieties according to actual yield into two groups: high-yielding group: L26, L18, and L08 (L26: 38.05 quintal/ha, L18: 35.42 quintal/ha, L08: 34.75 quintal/ha), low yielding group: L12, L23, and L14 (L12: 27.11 quintals/ha, L23: 29.92 quintals/ha, L14: 30.41 quintals/ha). The high-yielding peanut varieties showed some better physiological parameters than the low-yielding varieties, typically in photosynthetic intensity, accumulated dry matter, transpiration intensity, stomatal conductivity, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. This result is the basis for prequalifying high-yielding peanut varieties based on the difference in some physiological parameters during growth and development.