Research Article
Parasitoid Beetles of the Families Rhipiceridae and Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera): Biology, Ecology, and Evolutionary Insights
Klebert de Paula Malheiros, Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences; 37-53.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2026.v06i02.003
Parasitoid beetles of the families Rhipiceridae and Ripiphoridae represent rare examples of parasitic adaptation within the order Coleoptera. Their life cycles are highly specialized, involving planidial larvae capable of locating and parasitizing cicadas, bees, and wasps. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the biological and ecological characteristics of these families, highlighting their morphology, host–parasitoid interactions, and evolutionary significance. Data were collected from scientific databases, including Scielo, PubMed, BioOne, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, with emphasis on original and review articles published. The Rhipiceridae are primarily associated with cicadas, exhibiting an endoparasitic cycle in which larvae penetrate underground nymphs, while the Ripiphoridae display broader host diversity, including hymenopterans and wood-boring beetles. Results indicate that both families exhibit hypermetamorphosis and morphological adaptations, such as planidial larvae that facilitate host invasion. Their ecological roles include regulation of host populations and indirect effects on pollination dynamics. Although knowledge of immature stages and molecular phylogeny remains limited, recent advances in taxonomy and genetics have expanded their biogeography and life history. These beetles demonstrate striking examples of convergent evolution between Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, reinforcing their importance in studies of parasitism, biodiversity, and ecosystem regulation.
Research Article
Toxicological and Oxidative Stress Effects of Imidacloprid on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats
Miras Hasan Madhloom
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences; 54-57.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2026.v06i02.004
Neonicotinoid pesticides are considered a good alternative to organophosphate pesticides, although there are reports of adverse health effects in rats. This study aimed to determine the sub-chronic effects on hematological and biochemical markers in male rats 28 days after oral administration of imidacloprid at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight. Results: Hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and platelet count were significantly decreased in all treatment groups after exposure, while white blood cell count was increased in all treated rats compared to the control group. In addition, 28 days after exposure, oxidative stress markers showed a statistically significant increase (P≤0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity compared to the control group.
Research Article
Determination of Environmental Noise Level of Al Diwaniyah City Center, Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq
Mahmood Hameed Al-safi, Shaimaa Abdul- Kareem, Asmaa. M. Neamah
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences; 58-65.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2026.v06i02.005
This paper assesses the level of noise in the environment in the city center of Al Diwaniyah which is among the key urban centers in the Al Qadisiyah Governorate which is characterized by high population density and various land-uses including commercial, service, and transport activities. The study is aimed at the determination of noise levels at chosen locations that represent key streets, busy crossroads, commercial areas, and even certain facilities using a sound level meter based on the standard measurement practices and varying time conditions such as peak and off-peak hours. The measured values are cross-referenced with the established global environmental and health based noise limits to establish the potential exceedances and their potential effect on human health and comfort of residents. Spatial analysis of noise change in various locations of the city center and temporal change during the day and the evening is also an element of the work and it is associated with the density of traffic, the type of economic activity, and the characteristics of the urban fabric. Besides, the paper identifies the health impact of noise pollution, including hearing loss, headaches, nervous stress, and sleep problems, and social impact on the general quality of life of people in the city. The study gives a series of recommendations based on the results, which are regulation of traffic flow, avoidance of noisy industries and commercials within residential cores, use of sound barriers and green belts, and enforcement of noise control policies to cut down on the environmental noise and improve the urban environment in the center of Al Diwaniyah City.
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