This study aims to identify the factors affecting grain crops’ commercialization among smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia. Descriptive statistical analysis and econometric models were used. The analysis result of the sample respondent shows that more than five-grain crops are cultivated in more than 65 percent of farm households in the study areas. Out of these tef, chickpea, and wheat takes the largest share of cultivated areas of 1.27, 0.53, and 0.49 hectares, respectively. As to the production, tef, wheat, and chickpea takes the largest share of the mean quantity produced 1325.9, 539.87, and 454.9 in kilograms, respectively. The average commercialization rate of grain crops in the study area was 43.3% in terms of the gross value of its grain crops sold. The result of the Tobit regression model shows that education level, number of oxen, total land, and non/ off-farm income had positive and statistically significant effects, while the age of the household head was found to have a negative and significant effect on grain crop commercialization. Thus, the effort of stakeholders is crucial to improving the resource base and human capital of the smallholders to enable smallholders profitable from grain crops production and marketing.