Research Article
The Evolution of Afghanistan's Borders throughout History and Its Geopolitical Impacts
Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar, Sayed Habibullah Sadaat
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 21-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2025.v05i02.002
This research explores the historical evolution of Afghanistan's borders and their geopolitical impacts. The main goal of the study is to analyze how changes in Afghanistan's borders have influenced its security, economy, international relations, and domestic politics, as well as its role in regional and global power dynamics. The research uses a systematic review of historical sources, geopolitical analyses, and both qualitative and quantitative data. The sources include historical treaties, diplomatic documents, reports from international organizations, and academic studies published. The findings reveal that Afghanistan's borders have undergone significant changes throughout history, largely influenced by colonial powers and regional rivalries. These border changes have had profound effects on Afghanistan's national and regional security, contributing to issues such as drug trafficking, terrorism, and illegal migration. Additionally, Afghanistan's economy has been heavily impacted by unstable borders and political tensions with neighboring countries. The creation of artificial borders, such as the Durand Line, has also led to ethnic and identity challenges within the country. Due to its strategic location, Afghanistan plays a crucial role in regional and global power dynamics. The country's borders have not only shaped its internal structure but have also had significant implications for international relations and regional security. To stabilize its borders and enhance overall stability, Afghanistan must engage in active diplomacy, foster regional economic cooperation, and implement effective border management strategies. These measures can help strengthen Afghanistan's position in regional and global power dynamics, contributing to long-term peace and development.
Research Article
Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Eleme Lga, Rivers State, Nigeria
Ugochukwu Henry Agbarakwe, Michael Agba
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 31-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2025.v05i02.003
The paper aims at examining the effect of entrepreneurship on economic development in Eleme LGA in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigates the effect of entrepreneurship on employment generation and welfare in the Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire and analyzed using simple percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and T-test was used for testing the hypotheses. Key findings of the study revealed that entrepreneurship has a strong, positive, and significant effect on job creation and that it has a negative but insignificant relationship with welfare. The study therefore concluded that entrepreneurship has a positive but weak effect on economic development in Eleme LGA, Rivers State. It is hereby recommended that government should support job creation by offering entrepreneurial programmes such as training, micro loans, and tax incentives, while encouraging mentorship to sustain local businesses in Eleme. Also the local government should integrate welfare and entrepreneurship development by providing social safety nets like health care and financial aids for low-income entrepreneurs to improve both welfare and economic growth and development.
Research Article
Non-state Security Actors and Security Governance in Taraba State
Destiny Eze Agwanwo, Raphael Lawal
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 41-48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2025.v05i02.004
This study explores the role of non-state security actors in security governance in Taraba State, Nigeria. It adopted the descriptive research design and the community involvement approach theory to examine the role of non-state security actors in Taraba State. It looks at how private security firms, and neighborhood watch groups, vigilantes, and tribal militias—such as the Tiv and Jukun groups support official security measures. The study used a multistage sample approach to choose seven LGAs where these actors are most active: Ardo Kola, Bali, Donga, Gashaka, Gassol, Ibi, and Jalingo. Key participants were found using a blend of purposive and snowball sampling; primary and secondary sources were used to collect data. In-depth interviews and key informant interviews (KII) are examples of primary sources that were subjected to thematic analysis for trustworthiness and dependability. Results show that non-state security actors are essential to community safety and crime prevention, especially vigilantes and the Hunters Association of Nigeria (HAN). The study found that because of their superior local knowledge and reactivity, organizations such as the Taraba State Youth Empowerment Scheme (TAYES) and the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) have improved security outcomes. This study recommends official registration under local government and initiatives to increase capacity such as training in human rights, surveillance, intelligence collection, and conflict resolution. The study concludes that Taraba State's safety and stability will be improved and the dangers associated with unregulated security providers will be reduced by including non-state players into a structured security framework.
Review Article
Developing a Set of Flashcards for Chinese Characters in the Chinese Reading Comprehension Course for Beginners
Đặng Hồng Nhung, Đặng Thị Ngọc Minh
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 49-53.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2025.v05i02.005
Flashcards are a valuable tool for enhancing memory retention, particularly in foreign language acquisition, with Chinese characters serving as a prime example. As logograms, Chinese characters pose a greater challenge for Vietnamese learners accustomed to the Latin alphabet, often leading to difficulties in memorization and a sense of monotony in the learning process. Flashcards provide an effective and engaging solution to this challenge.
Research Article
Evolution and Guiding Strategie of College Students' Consumption View under Short Video Ecology
Yongwei Yang, Lingling Lu, Jin Pan
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 54-59.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2025.v05i02.006
With the high popularity of mobile Internet and smart phones, short videos, with their rich and diverse contents, rapid and efficient dissemination and other obvious advantages, have risen rapidly and deeply integrated into the daily life of contemporary college students, becoming the core channel for them to obtain information and enjoy entertainment. This new media form not only greatly enriches the spiritual world of college students, but also exerts a profound and complex influence on their consumption behavior and concepts in a subtle way. Based on extensive investigation and analysis, this paper systematically reveals many characteristics of college students' consumption behavior under the short video ecology. It is found that the information presentation mode, marketing strategy and social interaction mechanism on the short video platform have jointly shaped the unique consumption patterns of college students, such as impulsive consumption, follow-up consumption and pursuit of symbolic value consumption. These characteristics of consumption behavior not only reflect the curiosity and pursuit of new things for college students, but also expose their blindness and irrationality in consumption decision-making. Furthermore, this paper deeply analyzes the erosion and influence of short video consumerism on college students' consumption view. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward a series of targeted and operable strategic suggestions from four dimensions: higher education, campus environment, new media communication and home-school cooperation.
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