Education and training are unequivocally designated as a primary national policy, instrumental to the sustainable development of the country. Amidst globalization, digital transformation, and intensifying competition for knowledge workers, Resolution 71 NQ/TW (22 August 2025) sets forth a breakthrough agenda for educational advancement, grounded in Marx–Leninist theory and the thought of Hồ Chí Minh. Marxism–Leninism places human beings at the core of social progress, regarding education as the foundational mechanism to cultivate character, creative capacities and communal ethos. Hồ Chí Minh further emphasised holistic education encompassing “virtue – intellect – physique – aesthetics,” fostering moral integrity, professional competence and patriotic spirit, while elevating the role of teachers. Resolution 71 envisages a learner centred model, with educators as pivotal agents and schools as innovative, adaptive environments. It underscores international integration, digital transformation and lifelong learning, ensuring equitable access while harmonising national identity with global knowledge. Effective implementation depends on state leadership, community engagement and robust investment in the teaching corps. By deploying Resolution 71 on the theoretical and ideological foundations of Marxism–Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh’s thought, Vietnam is poised to build a humanistic, creative and modern education system, nurture fully developed Vietnamese citizens and advance the nation’s sustainable development.