Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted to humans and animals through vectors such as parasites, viruses, and bacteria. More than 700,000 people die annually from diseases like malaria, dengue fever, schistosomiasis, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and onchocerciasis. These diseases predominantly affect populations in tropical and subtropical regions and disproportionately impact the poorest communities. Since 2014, major outbreaks of dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus have affected many populations, claimed lives and overwhelmed health systems in many countries. There are other diseases that cause chronic suffering, lifelong morbidity, disabilities and sometimes stigmatization, such as chikungunya, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis. Medical Entomology is the scientific study of insects and arthropods that transmit diseases to humans and animals. It focuses on understanding the interactions between vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites) and the pathogens they carry. For instance, mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites, while other arthropods like ticks can transmit pathogens causing diseases such as Lyme disease and babesiosis. Some arthropods also secrete toxins that can lead to neurological issues, allergies, infections, and eczema. The field of Medical Entomology was significantly advanced by the work of Sir Patrick Manson in the late 19th century. In 1878, Manson discovered that the filarial parasites responsible for lymphatic filariasis develop within mosquitoes before being transmitted to humans. This was one of the earliest demonstrations of a pathogen's development within an insect vector, marking a pivotal moment in the history of Medical Entomology.