Research Article
Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes from Clinical Serotypes of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to E. coli K12
Mohemid Maddallah Al-Jebouri, Ibraheem Mohammed Al-Rahaley
Middle East Research Journal Microbiology and Biotechnology; 155-166.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjmb.2026.v06i03.002
Background: It has been shown that about 60% of the multiple-drug-resistant coliform isolates transfer their plasmids to laboratory strains of E. coli, Salmonella, or Shigella. Mostly, the actual transfer frequencies were not determined, nor were the abilities of fecal and environmental strains of Escherichia coli and enteric pathogens to receive the plasmids considered. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children feces samples (363 diarrhetic from children hospital and 251 healthy children from Mosul nurseries). All children were under three years of age. Fecal samples were transported to research laboratory using nutrient broth as transport medium for rectal swabs. EPEC identification, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance genes transfer were carried out. Results: The R determinants transfer from clinical isolates of E. coli to E.coli K12 and the number were 4, 15 and 7 for tetracycline, trimethoprim and ampicillin and their frequency range of transfer was 3.1 x 10-3 -5 x 10-2, 5.2 x 10-4 – 2.1 x 10-2 and 5.2 x 10-4 – 7.5 x 10-3 for tetracycline, trimethoprim and ampicillin respectively. The frequency range of R resistance determinant transfer for lead, zinc and mercury was 2.6 x 10-4 to 8.3 x 10-2, 1 x 10-3 to 6.3 x 10-3 and 1.8 x10-3 to 2.5 x 10-2 respectively. It was also noticed that the frequency of resistance transfer of disinfectants for receipt ranged between 1.3 x 10-3 to 1.2 x 10-1 which was the highest among all antimicrobial agents tested. Conclusions: Tetracycline resistance determinants exhibited the highest conjugative transfer frequencies, indicating that TE-associated R plasmids are transferred more efficiently than those carrying TMP or AMP resistance. Recipient frequencies were consistently lower than donor frequencies, indicating transfer inefficiency and/or reduced establishment of resistance determinants in the recipient strain (E. coli K12). Forty four serotypes were used for metal resistance transfer and only 29, 2 and 6 serotypes showed transfer for lead, zinc and mercury respectively. The present study revealed that the cetrimide transfer frequency from clinical isolates to E, coli K12 and 12 out of 13 serotypes showed resistance transfer with range from 3.4 x 10-4 to 4.9 x 10-2; 2 of them were of O125 serotype of donors.