Background: Microorganisms are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life in producing oxygen in environment, decomposing organic material, medicine, providing nutrients for plants, and maintaining human health. The effects of microbes on their environment can be beneficial or harmful with regard to human observation. Microbes also regulates environmental health through interactions with plant microbiota, which actively participate in substance cycling (particularly the carbon and nitrogen cycles) and influence the overall energy flow in the biosphere. Review Results: The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (N). Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic (cellular) material. The process is also called CO2 fixation, and it accounts for a very large portion of organic carbon available for synthesis of cell material. Decomposition or biodegradation results in the breakdown of complex organic materials to other forms of carbon that can be used by other Organisms. Microorganisms are also highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, or Detoxification of diverse chemical wastes and physical hazardous materials from the surrounding and transforming pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metal, pesticides, dye’s and so on through enzymatic way and contributed to solve many environmental problems. Conclusion: Thus, along with all these benefits, microbes greatly contribute in maintaining sustainability of environment. This review mainly focuses on beneficial impacts of microbes on environment and their role to maintain quality, health, and sustainability of environment and also encourage further efforts to study microbial ecology and protect the natural environment.