Research Article
Detection of Carbapenem Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens Isolated from Clinical Samples in Shendi locality
Alrasheed Yahya Musa, Hadia Abass Altaiyb, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Lana Jamal Abubaker, Khalid Saeed Hammad, Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Middle East Research Journal Microbiology and Biotechnology; 43-47.
DOI: 10.36348/merjmb.2023.v03i02.004
Introduction: The majority of antimicrobial agents are ineffective against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, leading to unfavorable clinical consequences. This fact is associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased treatment-related costs. Carbapenems are the last line for the treatment of infection caused by bacteria resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Objective: This study aimed to detect the Distribution of Carbepanems Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens Isolated from Clinical Samples in the Shendi locality. Methods: A cross-sectional study and a laboratory-based study were carried out on 63 isolates from different specimens, 63 types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified using Gram stain, biochemical reactions, and testing for their susceptibility to Carbapenems antibiotics was performed for all Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Result: The isolated Enterobacteriaceae comprising of 19.0(30.2%) E.coli, 17 (27.0%) K. pneumoniae, 13(20.6%) P. vulgaris, 5(7.9%) P. mirabilis, 1(1.6%) Enterobacter species, 3(4.8%) C. freundii and 5(7.9%) M. morganii. Carbapenem (Imipenem and meropenem) susceptibility testing showed that 36.0% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were Carbapenem-resistant. Conclusions: The study revealed the low resistance pattern of Enterobacteriaceae to Carbapenems. Despite that E.coli (19.0, 30.0%) was the most isolated organism, and K. pneumonia (7.0, 11.0%) was the most resistant isolate to Carbapenems. The urine sample had the highest degree of resistance. There was a correlation between patients with chronic diseases such as cancer and the resistance level to Carbapenems, while there was no statistical significance between the period of antibiotics usage and the degree of resistance.
Research Article
Frequency of Viral Hepatitis (B & C) among Homeless Populations in Omdurman Region- Sudan
Leila M. Ahmed Abdelgader, Aisha Mohammed Khair, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Middle East Research Journal Microbiology and Biotechnology; 48-53.
DOI: 10.36348/merjmb.2023.v03i02.005
Background: 170 million people have chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV), which increases their risk of acquiring liver disease, cirrhosis, or cancer. As there is currently no vaccine against HCV, it is crucial to be aware of how to prevent getting sick again. Homeless people were at a greater risk because they were unhygienic, inadequate nutrition, and low levels of education. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk factors and frequencies of both HBV and HCV among the homeless population. Materials and Methods: 5 ml of blood from 97 people was drawn under sterile conditions while taking labeling into consideration. The blood was then allowed to clot, and serum separated. The ELISA approach was used to measure the HBV and HCV immunoglobulins using a semi-automated analyzer. Using a sandwich-based enzyme-immunoassay to detect. Results: 39.2% of people had HBV infection, and 60.8% of tests came back negative. While 96.9% had negative results and 3.1% had positive results for HCV. Conclusions: The findings support the notion that there is a HBV infection is substantially more common among the homeless population, which is consistent with the increased occurrence of these diseases in recent years not only in Omdurman, Sudan but also globally. But there was no noticeable difference in the HCV cases.
Review Article
Hypothesis: Gastric Acidity as a Possible Cause of Antimalarial Failure in Sudan
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Middle East Research Journal Microbiology and Biotechnology; 54-55.
DOI: 10.36348/merjmb.2023.v03i02.006
Malaria is an endemic disease in Sudan and represent one of major health problems influencing the fragile economy of the country, as many protocols established there, but still malaria cases exaggerated, certainly after the current conflicts between army and the paramilitaries. Wars, poverty, and their social consequences increase stress among local population, which regarded as on of the main causes of acidity, besides malnutrition, wrong feeding behavior and opportunistic infections with certain bacteria such as H. pylori and some fungi like overgrowth of candida species may elevate the blood acidity. Unfortunately, acidity affect absorption of antimalarials, then we suggested that usage of antiacids should preceed ingestion of antimalarial tabs to enhance its absoption, in order to clear malaria parasite from blood. Luckily, antiacids releive acidity of microbial origin, which is attibuted to candidal overgrowth or H. pylori infection, and then as we mentioned above increase clearance of plasmodium. Patient history of recurrent gastric acidity, stool analysis, H. pylori test and blood PH are recommended to avoid treatment failure of malaria patient. Besides antimalarial misuse among our local population in Sudan we suggested that gastric acidity is the one of the main reasons of antimalrial protocols failure in Sudan, specifically after choloroquine resistance. We hypothesized that usage of antiacids prior to administration of antimalarial drug will promote the effectiveness of antimalarials.
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