Research Article
Detection of ABH Antigen in Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Shendi Town, Sudan
Nazzla Abd Alhameed H. Mohammed1, Elfatih Mohammed A. Ali, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Tibyan Abdalmajed Altaher, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 36-39.
DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i02.001
Background: Patients suffering from chronic renal failure have significant challenges in their social and economic lives. In Sudan, the annual incidence of chronic renal failure is between 70 and 140 cases per million, and until more is done to address this illness, the problem is likely to persist. Blood group types appear to be associated with secretor status and certain disorders, in addition to the main therapeutic significance of the ABO blood group to organ transplantation and blood transfusions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ABO and secretor status, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among Sudanese patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure disease at the kidney treatment and surgical center in Shendi City between August and December 2021. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples total from patients with chronic renal failure were taken; of these, 42% were female and 58% were male. Two milliliters of venous blood and three milliliters of saliva were collected in sterile containers and EDTA anticoagulant containers, respectively. Slides were used to do ABO grouping, and absorption inhibition was used to determine secretor status. Results: 44% of patients with CKD were blood group O, 38% were blood group A, 16% were blood group B, and 2% were blood group AB. The data also revealed that 68% of patients with CKD were non-secretors and 32% were secretors. According to the study, there was a decrease in the frequency of the Se gene compared to the Se gene. The homozygous genotype SeSe was found to be 3%, the heterozygous genotype Sese to be 29%, and the recessive genotype Sese to be 68%. Additionally, the blood groups O and A have a higher risk of renal failure. Conclusions: Blood group O was the highest frequency among patients receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, followed by blood groups A and B, while blood group AB was the least prevalent. The non-secretors had a higher genotype frequency. Renal failure is more common among non-secretors.
Research Article
Cytomorphological Changes in Patients Undergoing Taxanes Formation in Breast Cancer at Oncology and Cancer Research Center in Shendi Town, Sudan
Bishoy Faiz Malad Dawud1, Mohammed Abdelgader E. Mohammed, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 40-45.
DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i02.002
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death in women in low-income countries. Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs called taxanes alter the cellular mechanisms that allow cancer cells to divide their microtubules. In a typical cell cycle, microtubules are formed by the cell at the start of division and disassembled after the cell stops dividing. Taxanes stabilize the microtubules, preventing them from breaking down normally. This causes the cancer cells to stop dividing, potentially slowing the growth of cancer or killing the cells. Taxane causes neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, as well as fatigue, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, and muscle pain. According to the literature, chemotherapy causes nuclear atypia and other cellular changes in buccal mucosa cells. There was no published data regarding the effect of taxane on buccal mucosa cells. This study aimed to detect cytomorphological changes among breast cancer patients receiving taxane chemotherapy. Materials and methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted during the period from December 2022 to February 2024, involved 50 buccal smears from breast cancer patients included as a case group versus 50 buccal smears from apparently healthy females. All smears were processed through conventional cytological methods. Results: Forty percent of patients have had a family history of breast cancer. We observed that in 80% of patients with advanced age (46 years old and older), our results indicated that there was a significant statistical difference between cases and controls regarding cellular changes in buccal mucosa. We also observed an increase in the significant correlation of cellular changes and the number of taxane doses, as the p value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: We concluded that taxane chemotherapy may cause buccal cellular changes as the incidence of nuclear atypia, infection, and degenerative changes is higher in cases than in controls.
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