Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences | Archives | Volume 4 | Issue-3

Research Article

Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Md. Rafiqul Islam

Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 46-50.

DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i03.001

Background: Hypertension contributes enormously to the global disease burden and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is higher than that of age- and sex-matched patients without diabetes, ranging from 32% to 82%. Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue, about 9% of adults have diabetes, and an estimated 1.5 million people die due to diabetes worldwide each year. Increasing age, trend of obesity and worsening renal function increasing the prevalence of hypertension in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine, 250 Beded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2023. In total 100 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus attended to the mentioned hospital with proper documents were finalized as the study people. Besides data regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, data of blood pressure and macro-vascular as well as micro-vascular complications were collected. A predesigned questioner was applied to collect patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20. Results: In this study, a total of 100 type-2 diabetic patients (56 male, 44 female) were observed. The mean age of the patients was 53.86 years with Standard deviation (SD) of ±11.54 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 7.08 SD ± 5.95 years. In analyzing the duration of type 2 diabetes among participant we observed 46%, 25%, 18% and 11 % participants suffered from T2DM for 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and >15 years respectively. Finally, among total participants in analyzing the prevalence of hypertension we observed out of 100patients with T2DM only 32 were with hypertension which was 32%. On the other hand, in analyzing the stages of hypertension among total participants we found, 32% were with normal and pre-hypertension (in total 68%) respectively. On the other hand, among 32% hypertensive participants, 20% (n=20) were with stage I HTN whereas 12% (n=12) were with stage II HTN. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients was found some higher than that in normal. But if we consider the number of pre-hypertensive patients as a potential concern, then it is alarming. The findings of this study may be helpful in the treatment arena of diabetes and in similar further studies.

Research Article

Histopathological Patterns of Endobronchial Specimen in Lung Cancer Along with Clinicoradiological Correlation in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abul Kalam Mohammad Mohiuddin, Sufia Khanam

Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 51-56.

DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i03.002

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Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the commonest lethal cancers known till date. Along with the typical symptomatic clinical presentation, it is appropriately detected by various radiographic evaluation methods sometimes initiated for an unrelated problem. Great interest has now been developed in the histological characterisation of lung cancer in view of newer histology guided therapeutic modalities and genomic classification of lung carcinoma. Objective: To explore histopathological patterns of lung cancer in relation to clinicoradiological features. Methods: This prospective study was an observational study conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ibn Sina Diagnostic & Consultation Center, Chattogram, Bangladesh from January to December 2023. Total 60 patients of suspected lung cancer over a period of one year, to study clinical features, radiological manifestations and histological types of lung cancer. The study was done following a standard study protocol which included a clinical history regarding the onset and progress of the disease, smoking habits, detailed physical examination of the respiratory system, chest roentgenogram, computed tomography of thorax, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and others. Results: Patients mean age was 59.9 years, 85.0% males and 15.0% females. The smoker to non-smoker ratio was 7.8:1. Cough was the most common presenting symptom (86.6%). The most common radiological finding was mass lesion (86.6%), followed by collapse consolidation in 36.25%. Squamous cell carcinoma presented more commonly as hilar mass (58.3%), while adenocarcinoma as peripheral mass lesion (66.7%). The most common finding on histopathological examination was Squamous cell carcinoma (50%), followed by small cell carcinoma (15%) and adenocarcinoma (3.3%). Conclusion: Endobronchial lung biopsy and histopathological examination is an extremely useful method for establishing diagnosis of lung cancer in patients suspected to have malignancy by clinical or radiological criteria.

Review Article

Acute Pancreatitis and Diabetes Mellitus—A Relation

Dr. Anil Batta

Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 57-60.

DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i03.003

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Research Article

Factors Affecting Pregnancy and Live Birth Rates in Gonadotropin Treated Intrauterine Insemination Cycles of Unexplained Infertile Patients

Latife Nevin Pehlivanlar Dar, Oğuzhan Günenc, Dilay Gök Korucu

Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 61-65.

DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i03.004

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Research Article

Pattern of Ocular Morbidity among Children Referred Ophthalmology Dept. at Mugda Medical College Hospital, Mugda, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Asaduzzaman

Middle East Research Journal of Medical Sciences; 66-69.

DOI: 10.36348/merjms.2024.v04i03.005

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Introduction: Childhood ophthalmic disorders can seriously impact on development, education, future employment opportunities and quality of life. The consequences are especially severe in low resource settings where resources and education are lacking. Sub-optimal vision can lead to poor academic performance, a lack of interest in school, and even dropping out. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of various ocular morbidities among preschool children. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 200 preschool children in the age group between 3 to 6 years at Dept. of Ophthalmology, Mugda Medical College Hospital, Mugda, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2023. We excluded children with some other comorbidities and children who were mentally retarded. Vision was assessed with Snellen's visual acuity charts and Kay Picture chart. Anterior and posterior segment examination was done using a hand-held portable slit lamp and a direct ophthalmoscope respectively. Binocularity was assessed with a cover test at a distance and near targets and the Hirschberg corneal reflex. The refractive status of the eyes was assessed by performing static retinoscopy. All the data was analyzed according to sex, age, causes of visual impairment and types of ocular morbidity. Results: Among the total 200 preschool children screened, 86 children were boys and 114 were girls. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was found to be 20.0%. Refractive error was the most common cause of visual impairment which was seen in 14.5% of children. The overall prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 7.5%, 4.5%, and 2.0% respectively. The other types of ocular morbidities were strabismus in 1.0%, congenital cataract in 1%, conjunctivitis in 1%, chalazion in 10%, vernal kerato conjunctivitis in 1% and congenital ptosis in 0.5%. Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of refractive error and occurrence of other ocular morbidities in our studied population suggests that there is a need for a large-scale community-based preschool screening program in Bangladesh so that affected preschool children can be identified early and appropriate treatment can be promptly started.

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