Review Article
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Base Derived From Glyoximehydrazine and Substituted Furan and Their Metal (II) Complexes
Adamu Hamisu, Abubakar Muhammad JABBI, Habu Nuhu Aliyu
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 24-30.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.002
A hydrazone Schiff base has been synthesized by the interaction of ethanolic
solutions of antiglyoxime hydrazine with 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran to obtain the Schiff base
L′. The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) of this Schiff base was synthesized and
studied. The Schiff base and its metal(II) complexes were characterized based on solubility,
percentage yield, elemental analysis, melting point/decomposition temperatures, infra- red
spectral (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility and water of
crystallisation. Based on the results the prepared Schiff base and synthesized complexes are
relatively soluble in most organic solvents but insoluble in distilled water. The melting point
temperature of the ligand was 118oC while the decomposition temperature for metal
complexes was found to be between 295 _320oC. The molar magnetic susceptibility of the
complexes were in the range of 1.91 x 10-3 – 1.46 x 10-2erg.G-2mol-1. The molar
conductance values of 2.00 – 3.00ohm-1cm2mol-1 indicating non electrolytic nature of the
complexes. The spectral data of the Schiff base showed band at 1641cm-1, revealing the
formation of the azomethine group in the Schiff base. A band between 776 and 791cm-1
indicate the metal nitrogen bond. The elemental analysis determination of the complexes
and the Schiff base showed the metal ligand ratio of 1:2 (M:2L). The antibacterial and
antifungal activities of the Schiff base and the metal(II) complexes were evaluated using
disc diffusion method. The antibacterial assay was carried out on three pathogenic bacteria,
Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and two fungi
viz: Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Schiff base and the metal(II)
compounds showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Research Article
Shelf Life Challenges: Investigating the Effects of Storage Conditions on Deoiled Rice Bran-Enriched Extruded Products
Deep Shikha, Anmol Dhillon, Sarvika Awasthi
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 31-36.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.003
The purpose of this study was to develop extruded snack product using optimized formulation of rice flour, corn flour and deoiled rice bran. The properties like lateral expansion (LE), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and hardness of the optimized extruded product were investigated. The storage studies of quality extruded product showed greater changes to moisture content and hardness packed in low density polythene in comparison to aluminium laminated pouches kept under ambient and accelerated conditions. Higher variation in quality parameters was observed at accelerated storage condition. Therefore, it was suggested that aluminium laminated packaging materials can store extruded product for a longer time period than low density polythene packs in both storage conditions.
Research Article
Probing Particle Behavior: Characterization of Rice Flour Flowability using FT4 Powder Rheometer
Tanuja Srivastava, Pardeep Singh, Usman Ahmed
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 37-40.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.004
The present study was conducted to characterize the flow properties of the rice flour. A number of powder properties were measured including particle size (65.3µm), bulk and shear properties. Basic flow energy (197.42 mJ) was found higher in rice flour thus, required more energy to flow. Higher compressibility (41.20%) created difficulty in bulk handling by making it more cohesive. Less flow function (2.12) indicated the poor flowability of the rice flour. Overall, flowability of rice flour was found to be poor hence, creating bulk handling difficult.
Research Article
Pearl Millet Starch Films: A Comparative Study on Characteristics from Different Cultivars
Anmol Dhillon, Khan Nadiya Jan, Harkomaljot Singh
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 41-44.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.005
The present study focuses on the use of underutilized coarse grain Pearl millet for the development of biodegradable films. Starch from two varieties of Pearl millet viz. HHB 67 and ProAgro 9444 was isolated and subjected to casting technique of film formation. Glycerol was used as plasticizer. Amylose content of HHB 67 and ProAgro 9444 was 15.05% and 20.21%, respectively. Both the varieties resulted in homogeneous films but ProAgro 9444 offered better films in terms of mechanical strength and other characteristic parameters owing to the high amylose content as compared to HHB 67. This study is crucial for moving towards biodegradable plastics because of the arising environmental concerns.
Research Article
Exploring Milk as a Source: Studies on the Isolation and Characterization of β-Galactosidase
Ashok Kumar, Karunakar Singh, Suhail Ahmad Bhat, Manisha
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 45-47.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.006
The enzyme β galactosidase has been used in the dairy industry for the hydrolysis of lactose and has many applications in pharmaceuticals and food processing industries. The aim of the study to screen β galactosidase producing bacterial isolate from raw milk. The isolation was performed by plating on nutrient agar medium containing X-gal and ONPG to determine the β galactosidase activity. Bacterial isolate MH2 showed highest activity of 186.2 (U/mg/ml) and were found to be active strain producing considerable amount of β galactosidase. So in future, the enzyme can be exploit at industrial level for the development of low lactose dairy products.
Research Article
Biodegradable Future: A Comprehensive Survey on the Development and Characterization of Starch-Based Films for Sustainable Packaging
Suhail Ahmad Bhat, Ashok Kumar, Tanuja Srivastava, Riti Jindal
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 48-53.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.007
This review is focused on the analysis of film-forming ability of starch employed from various sources like cereals, tubers etc. and the relationship between their structure and physio-chemical properties. According to different studies, casting method for starch based biodegradable film forming is preferable due to its greater feasibility to simulate the industrial process. To increase the workability and flexibility of starch based biodegradable films, addition of different components required such as lipid, plasticizers, polyols, hydro-colloids, fillers, or active compounds.
Research Article
Efficient Sucrose Hydrogenolysis: Exploring the Impact of Catalyst Preparation and Reaction Conditions on High-Yield Glycerol Conversion
Tanuja Srivastava, Amandeep Kaur, Syed Insha Rafiq, Dharmpal
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 54-59.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.008
The focus of this research work is to achieve chemical catalytic conversion of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks to value-added chemicals and fuels. Effective production of glycerol was achieved via sucrose hydrogenolysis using Ni,W,Cu/ kieselguhr catalyst in aqueous solution under hydrogen gas atmosphere 50 atm. The effects of different process variables including digestion time before addition of sodium carbonate to the reaction mixture, dilution of sodium carbonate solution on the catalyst and effect of Na2CO3/Ni(NO3)2.6H2O ratio on the yield of glycerol were evaluated by using response surface methodology. The catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity for both hydrogenolysis of sucrose glucose, fructose, and xylose. The maximum glycerol yield of 36.088% was obtained with digestion time (118.7 min.), dilution of sodium carbonate solution (4) and Na2CO3/Ni(NO3)2.6H2O ratio (0.28).
Research Article
SecureCNN: Strengthening Distributed Inference Security via Strategic PDF Validation Dataset Optimization
Zaynab B. Bello, Temidayo J. Omotinugbon, Mabel Ogonna, Ifeanyichukwu J. Umoga
Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology; 60-65.
DOI: 10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i02.009
Hardware Accelerator-Based (HAB) CNN Inference is rapidly growing in recognition. In many scenarios, to achieve short-time-to-market, HAB CNN inference can be outsourced to third parties (3P) for design and deployment. These 3P may be malicious and hence embed harmful circuitry in the deployed hardware design. Recently, approaches for embedding harmful circuitry targeted at collaborative inference have been proposed. These approaches make use of statistical analysis on validation dataset (VD) for the design of stealthy attacks on the hardware design of CNNs. In this paper, we propose three approaches to obscure relevant information regarding the VD that may either achieve the detection or mitigation of embedded attacks proposed in these approaches. These three approaches include Gaussian Distribution Shifting Approach (GDSA), Gaussian Distribution Compression Approach (GDCA) and Gaussian Distribution Expansion Approach (GDEA). These approaches are tested on LeNet CNN infected with attack proposed in [1] implemented on Xilinx PYNQ-Z1.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
© Copyright Kuwait Scholars Publisher. All Rights Reserved.
